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Doctoral Thesis

Increasing critical power and anaerobic work capacity with highintensity training or bicarbonate supplementation

Author(s): Müller, Sandro M.

Publication Date: 2014

 

1.3 Determination of critical power

1.3.1 Constant-load tests for the determination of critical power

Classically, the two parameters of the critical power concept are determined by at least 3

constant-load tests at different power outputs (Moritani et al. 1981). To increase the accuracy of

determination often a fourth constant-load test is included. Using the afore-mentioned 2-

component linear and/or hyperbolic equations, CP and W′ are calculated. To assure that the

duration of the determining constant-load tests do not fall below or exceed certain thresholds

most procedures include an initial incremental test for the ascertainment of power outputs of the

following constant-load tests. It is thereby advised that the duration of the determining constantload

tests is between 1 and 10 min (Poole 1986). Tests shorter than 1 min bear two risks of

adulterating determination of CP and W′. First, the steep slope of the power-time relationship

for short exercise times leads to a mathematical incertitude. Second, insufficient force of the

participants might reduce cycling time at exaggerated power outputs (Poole 1986). In contrast,

performance in prolonged constant-load tests might be influenced by participant’s motivation to

maintain the power output despite increasing fatigue, whereby reliability of the test outcome is

reduced (Hopkins et al. 2001).

 

1.3.2 All-out tests for the determination of critical power

The classical determination of CP and W′ implies a large expenditure of time. In the course of

simplifying the determination of CP and W′, the main focus was on reducing the number of

determining tests. The use of all-out tests was thereby promising. The theoretical approach of

the all-out tests is to deplete W′ at the beginning of exercise. During the first seconds up to a

minute of an all-out effort, PCr utilization and anaerobic glycolysis allows a rapid ATP resynthesis.

Consequently, power output peaks during the first seconds and falls thereafter

hyperbolically, mainly because of a reduction in the ATP re-synthesis rate. At the end of the allout

test, i.e. after depletion of W′, the participant is only able to maintain CP, whereby ATP

production mainly relies on oxidation of substrates. In a first step, all-out test duration of 90 s

was investigated (Dekerle et al. 2006). However, using this protocol end test power, i.e. average

power during the last 30 s of the all-out test, overestimated CP significantly. In a subsequent

step, all-out test duration was extended to 3 min (Burnley et al. 2006). It was shown that end

test power of the 3-min all-out test corresponds to CP (Vanhatalo et al. 2007). Moreover,

cumulated work above CP during the all-out test, i.e. the area under the power-time-curve and

above CP, coincides with W′ (Vanhatalo et al. 2007). However, despite the practicability of this

CP determination, the testing modality suffered from two disadvantages. First, V̇ O2peak was not

achieved during the all-out test (Vanhatalo et al. 2007). Hence, an important variable of

endurance performance ability remained hidden. Second, determination of the resistance on the

pedals during the all-out test was based on the outcome of a previous incremental cycling test

(Burnley et al. 2006). Therefore, the main goal to determine CP and W′ with a single test was

not achieved.

 

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